Maître Adeline CHERIFF

Avocat au barreau de Nantes

Compétences : Droit du travail et social, Droit de la famille, divorce, séparation, Droit des étrangers et de la nationalité, Droit public

Barreau : Nantes

Adresse : 24 rue La Nouë Bras de fer 44200 NANTES

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Publié le 12/04/2021

Divorce et conservation du nom d’épouse / d’époux

Article juridique - Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine

Par Me Adeline CHERIFF

Divorce et conservation du nom d’épouse / d’époux

Vous divorcez devant le juge aux affaires familiales et souhaitez garder votre nom d’épouse/époux, pour vos enfants, un intérêt politique, professionnel, ou à l’inverse, vous refusez que votre future ex-femme/ mari conserve votre nom ?

L’article 264 du Code civil précise

« A la suite du divorce, chacun des époux perd l'usage du nom de son conjoint.

L'un des époux peut néanmoins conserver l'usage du nom de l'autre, soit avec l'accord de celui-ci, soit avec l'autorisation du juge, s'il justifie d'un intérêt particulier pour lui ou pour les enfants. »

A défaut d’accord entre les époux, l’appréciation du maintien de l’usage du nom relève de l’appréciation souveraine des juges du fond (cass.2e ch., 10 décembre 1998, n°97-15252).

Il a été considéré qu’une épouse ne peut être autorisée à utiliser le nom du mari après le divorce, dont elle a pris l'initiative, dès lors que l'engagement personnel dans les choix politiques, contrairement à une activité professionnelle, ne caractérise pas des intérêts essentiels justifiant un tel usage (Cour d'appel de Paris, 24e ch. A, 31 octobre 1989). De même, une conseillère municipale d’une petite commune, connue depuis 20 ans sous son nom marital « ne justifie pas d’un intérêt particulier » à cette conservation, et ce d’autant plus si les enfants du couple sont grands (CA Riom, n°13/03055, 06 octobre 2015 et plus récemment, CA Rennes, 6e A 19/04456 du 22 juin 2020).

La position des Cours reprend la lettre de l’article 264 du code civil, ainsi en cas de notoriété plus importante qu’un cadre local, une conservation du nom pourrait être envisagée, de même si les enfants du couple sont encore petits.

En tout état de cause, votre nom fait partie de votre patrimoine, vous pouvez donc légitimement refuser dans le cadre d’un divorce contentieux que votre ancienne moitié le conserve.