Maître Seyed Siavash SHAHRJERDI

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit de la protection des données personnelles, Droit du numérique et des communications, Droit de la propriété intellectuelle, Droit de l'arbitrage, Procédure d'appel, Droit bancaire et boursier, Droit international et de l'Union européenne, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit des assurances

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 37 AVENUE VICTOR HUGO 75116 PARIS

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Publié le 10/08/2026

IA et biais : corriger une discrimination peut exiger de traiter des données sensibles

Article juridique - Droit du numérique et des communications

Par Me Seyed Siavash SHAHRJERDI

IA et biais : corriger une discrimination peut exiger de traiter des données sensibles

Digital Omnibus sur l’IA, adopté par le Council of the European Union, le 29 juin 2026 insère un nouvel article 4a dans AI Act.

Son objet : permettre, à titre exceptionnel, le traitement de catégories particulières de données personnelles lorsque cela est strictement nécessaire pour détecter et corriger des biais.

Le point est très concret.

Pour vérifier qu’un système d’IA ne produit pas d’effets discriminatoires, il peut être nécessaire d’analyser certaines données protégées : origine, santé, données biométriques, convictions, orientation sexuelle, ou autres catégories relevant de l’article 9 du RGPD.

Mais cette ouverture n’est pas une autorisation générale de collecter plus.

Elle suppose de démontrer que l’objectif ne peut pas être atteint avec d’autres données, y compris anonymisées ou synthétiques, de limiter la réutilisation, de sécuriser les accès, de documenter la nécessité, et de supprimer les données une fois le biais corrigé.

Le bon réflexe n’est donc pas aveuglement collecter, mais être en capacité de justifier, limiter, sécuriser, tracer.

La lutte contre les biais ne sera pas seulement une promesse éthique. Elle devient un dossier de preuve.

Référence : Digital Omnibus on AI, PE-CONS 30/26, art. 1(6), insertion d’un nouvel article 4a dans le règlement (UE) 2024/1689.