Maître Thomas GRELIER

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Procédure civile, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit des garanties, des sûretés et des mesures d'exécution

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 9 RUE DUPHOT 75001 PARIS

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Publié le 05/05/2026

Saisie conservatoire : bloquer les fonds du débiteur avant le jugement

Article juridique - Droit des garanties, des sûretés et des mesures d'exécution

Par Me Thomas GRELIER

Un débiteur qui tarde à payer peut aussi chercher à organiser son insolvabilité : vider ses comptes, céder ses actifs, multiplier les obstacles. Attendre l'obtention d'un titre exécutoire peut alors s'avérer fatal pour le recouvrement.

La saisie conservatoire permet de limiter ce risque.

En droit français, tout créancier justifiant d’un risque sur le recouvrement d’une créance paraissant fondée en son principe peut être autorisé à saisir à titre conservatoire les comptes bancaires de son débiteur.

La procédure est strictement encadrée :

1. Obtention de l'autorisation du juge de l’exécution (sauf exception).

2. Signification de la saisie à la banque dans les 3 mois suivant l’autorisation.

3. Dénonciation de la saisie au débiteur dans un délai de 8 jours suivant l’exécution de la saisie.

4. Engagement d’une procédure visant à l’obtention d’un titre exécutoire dans le mois suivant l'exécution de la saisie.

Conseil pratique : la saisie conservatoire peut également être utilisée comme moyen de pression pendant les négociations. Si la créance n'est pas sérieusement contestable et que les avoirs sont saisis, le débiteur aura tout intérêt à solder sa dette.

Vous craignez que votre débiteur organise son insolvabilité ? Découvrez notre page dédiée à cette adresse : Saisies conservatoires et voies d'exécution.