Maître Audrey EUSTACHE

Avocat au barreau de La Martinique

Compétences : Procédure civile, Droit du crédit et de la consommation, Droit du dommage corporel, Droit bancaire et financier, Droit des garanties, des sûretés et des mesures d'exécution, Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine

Barreau : Martinique

Adresse : 43 rue Lamartine 97200 FORT DE FRANCE

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Publié le 09/04/2023

L'injure : définition et sanction

Article juridique - Droit pénal

Par Me Audrey EUSTACHE

L’injure : propos, un écrit ou toute autre mode d’expression adressés à une personne dans l’intention de la blesser ou de l’offenser.

Il s’agit d’une infraction dont le degré de gravité dépend du type d’injure proféré et propos tenus.

L’injure privée, c’est-à-dire adressée soit directement à la victime (présente ou non), et elle seule, soit à un groupe de personnes limité.
L’injure publique peut être perçue largement par un public.

A l’aune des réseaux sociaux et de l’exposition sur internet, comment procéder à des poursuites ?

La plainte peut être effectuée contre personne dénommée ou contre X.

Aujourd’hui, la victime peut désormais effectuer une pré-plainte en ligne et obtenir un rendez-vous en police ou en gendarmerie. Il est également possible de s’adresser directement par courrier au procureur de la République et de se constituer partie civile en cas de classement sans suite ou absence de réponse.

Prescription : la victime doit porter une attention particulière au délai de prescription raccourci, variant de 3 mois pour l’injure simple à 1 an pour les injures à caractère discriminatoire.

Sanction:

La simple injure privée ne sera punie que d’une contravention de 38 €, alors que l’auteur d’une injure publique pourra être condamné à une amende de 12 000 €.

Le fait que l’injure revêt un caractère raciste, sexiste, homophobe ou handiphobe est un critère aggravant la répression, la contravention encourue passant à 1 500 € en cas d’injure privée, alors que l’injure publique devient un délit punit d’un an d’emprisonnement et de 45 000 € d’amende.