Maître Amandine DEVIANNE

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit des enfants

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 47 RUE REMY DUMONCEL 75014 PARIS

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Publié le 23/03/2026

Pension alimentaire : comment la calculer et que faire en cas de non-paiement ?

Article juridique - Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine

Par Me Amandine DEVIANNE

Pension alimentaire : comment la calculer et que faire en cas de non-paiement ?

La pension alimentaire est l’une des questions les plus fréquentes en droit de la famille. Que vous soyez parent qui doit la verser ou parent qui la reçoit, comprendre son fonctionnement est essentiel pour éviter les conflits et sécuriser l’avenir de vos enfants.

1. Qu’est-ce que la pension alimentaire ?

La pension alimentaire est une somme d’argent versée par l’un des parents pour contribuer à l’entretien et à l’éducation des enfants. Elle peut également concerner le conjoint dans certains cas (divorce ou séparation).

Points clés :

Elle est obligatoire dès qu’il y a un enfant à charge.
Elle est fixée en fonction des revenus des parents, du nombre d’enfants et du temps de garde.

2. Comment est-elle calculée ?

Le calcul se base sur plusieurs critères :

Les revenus nets de chacun des parents.
Les besoins des enfants (logement, alimentation, santé, éducation).
La durée et la répartition du temps de garde.

Exemple pratique : si un enfant vit principalement chez sa mère, le père peut être tenu de verser une pension correspondant à la moitié des frais non couverts par la mère.

3. Que faire en cas de non-paiement ?

Le non-paiement de la pension alimentaire peut entraîner des conséquences juridiques sérieuses :

Saisir le JAF (juge aux affaires familiales) pour obtenir un titre exécutoire.
Recourir à la Caisse d’allocations familiales (CAF) pour un recouvrement automatique.
Engager une procédure de poursuite pénale pour abandon de famille, en dernier recours.

4. Conseils pratiques

Conservez toutes les preuves de paiement (virements bancaires, reçus).
Notez toutes les dépenses liées à l’enfant pour justifier le montant demandé ou payé.
Consultez un avocat spécialisé pour calculer la pension de manière exacte et sécuriser vos droits.

Conclusion : La pension alimentaire protège l’intérêt des enfants et assure l’équité entre les parents. Anticiper, documenter et se faire accompagner juridiquement permet d’éviter les litiges et de garantir le respect des obligations financières.