Maître Juan Antonio BARRADO CAMPOS

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit du travail, Droit de la sécurité sociale et de la protection sociale

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 40 RUE LOUIS BLANC 75010 PARIS

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Publié le 06/11/2025

¿De qué plazo dispone un trabajador para impugnar su despido?

Article juridique - Droit du travail

Par Me Juan Antonio BARRADO CAMPOS

¿De qué plazo dispone un trabajador para impugnar su despido?

La prescripción está directamente vinculada al principio de seguridad jurídica.

Conforme a lo estipulado en el artículo L. 1471-1 del Código del trabajo francés, en caso de despido, el trabajador dispone de un plazo de 12 meses para impugnar la rescisión de su contrato de trabajo ante la jurisdicción competente (Conseil de prud’hommes).

Este plazo comienza a contar a partir de la fecha de recepción por parte del trabajador de la carta de despido conforme a las reglas aplicables.

En otras palabras, si la empresa no notifica el despido en debida forma no puede invocar la expiración del plazo de prescripción (Cass. soc., 16 mars 2022, n°20-23.724).

En dos sentencias recientes, la Sala de lo Social del Tribunal de casación francés (Cour de cassation) da la razón a dos trabajadores.

En una primera sentencia del 21 de mayo de 2025, el trabajador había impugnado su despido el 10 de agosto de 2020. Estaba demostrado que el trabajador había recibido la notificación de la carta de despido el 10 de agosto de 2019. (Cass. soc., 21 mai 2025, nº24-10.009).

En una segunda sentencia del 17 de septiembre de 2025, el trabajador había impugnado su despido el 23 de octubre de 2023. Estaba demostrado que la empresa había notificado la carta de despido el 23 de octubre de 2022 (Cass. soc., 17 sept. 2025, nº23-22.408).

En los dos casos, los trabajadores habían tardado en impugnar el despido, pero estaban dentro de plazo.

Juan A. BARRADO CAMPOS

Abogado / Avocat

jabc@jabc.fr

Artículo publicado en «guialaboralfrancia.com»