Maître Lionel FOUQUET

Avocat au barreau de Carpentras

Compétences : Mesures d'exécution forcée, Droit bancaire et financier, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit des sociétés, Procédure civile, Droit du numérique et des communications

Barreau : Carpentras

Adresse : 243 Boulevard Albin DURAND 84200 CARPENTRAS

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Publié le 25/02/2025

Le Tribunal de commerce est mort, vive Tribunal des activités économiques !

Article juridique - Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence

Par Me Lionel FOUQUET

Le Tribunal de commerce est mort, vive Tribunal des activités économiques !

Le Tribunal de Commerce d'Avignon, comme d'autres en France, a été choisi pour faire une évaluation des mesures expérimentales issues de la loi d'orientation et de programmation du ministère de la justice 2023-2027.

O joie. Merci législateur chéri.

Première mesure : un changement de nom. Le tribunal des activités économiques (TAE) remplace désormais le Tribunal de commerce. Le contribuable appréciera les coûts induits de cette fantaisie cosmétique.

Sur le fond, deux changement majeurs :

D'abord le tribunal est désormais compétent pour connaître de toutes les procédures amiables et collectives, à l'exception de celles concernant les professions libérales réglementées en droit.

Ensuite et surtout, la loi instaure une contribution pour la justice économique, versée par la partie demanderesse, à peine d'irrecevabilité que le juge peut prononcer d'office, pour chaque instance introduite devant le tribunal des activités économiques

Elle est applicable aux instances introduites à compter du 1er janvier 2025, et à une double condition :

1/ si la valeur totale des demandes est supérieure à un montant de 50 000 euros

2/ si le demandeur personne morale emploie plus de 250 salariés.

Si elle s'applique, le montant de cette contribution varie selon le chiffre d'affaires et le bénéfice de la société moyens sur les 3 dernières années :

1/ Pour les personne morales réalisant une moyenne de CA supérieure à 1,5 Mds € : 5 % du montant de la valeur totale des prétentions figurant dans l'acte introductif d'instance et dans la limite d'un montant maximal de 100 000 euros

2/ Pour les personnes morales réalisant entre 50 M et 1,5 Mds € de CA et un bénéfice annuel moyen supérieur à 3 M € : 3 % du montant de la valeur totale des prétentions figurant dans l'acte introductif d'instance et dans la limite d'un montant maximal de 50 000 euros.

La contribution est remboursée en cas de décision constatant l'extinction de l'instance par suite d'un désistement ou de transaction conclue à la suite du recours à un mode amiable de résolution des différends, lorsqu'elle met fin au litige.

Pour la mise en place de cette nouvelle contribution, le désormais Tribunal des activités économiques d'Avignon a décidé de conditionner l'enrôlement de l'assignation au dépôt d'une attestation type.

N'hésitez pas à nous consulter avant toute procédure. Une société avertie en vaut 2 !