Maître Elise D'HAITI

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit public, Droit des étrangers et de la nationalité

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 11 BOULEVARD DE SEBASTOPOL 75001 PARIS

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Publié le 30/08/2026

Fermeture administrative : les 10 réflexes à avoir immédiatement

Article juridique - Droit public

Par Me Elise D'HAITI

Fermeture administrative : les 10 réflexes à avoir immédiatement

Une fermeture administrative peut désorganiser une entreprise en quelques jours : perte de chiffre d’affaires, charges fixes, salariés à rémunérer, atteinte à l’image.

Vous avez reçu une lettre vous invitant à présenter vos observations ou un arrêté de fermeture ?

Voici les 10 réflexes à avoir sans attendre.

1. Identifier le document reçu

Lettre d’intention, phase contradictoire ou arrêté : la stratégie dépend du stade de la procédure.

2. Calculer le délai

Selon la procédure applicable, l’entreprise peut être invitée à présenter ses observations dans un délai déterminé avant que la décision ne soit prise.

3. Ne pas répondre trop vite

Une réponse improvisée peut fragiliser la défense. Il faut d’abord identifier précisément les griefs formulés par l’administration.

4. Vérifier le fondement juridique

Travail dissimulé, marchandage, prêt illicite de main-d’œuvre ou autre mesure de police administrative : chaque fondement obéit à ses propres règles.

5. Reconstituer les faits

Que constate réellement le procès-verbal ? Quels faits sont établis ? Correspondent-ils à la qualification retenue ?

6. Contrôler la proportionnalité

La fermeture n’est pas automatique. Sa nécessité et sa durée doivent être appréciées au regard de la gravité des faits et de la situation de l’entreprise.

7. Documenter l’impact économique

Trésorerie, masse salariale, loyers, emprunts, contrats en cours, réservations, attestation de l’expert-comptable : il faut objectiver les conséquences de la fermeture.

8. Avant l’arrêté : utiliser pleinement la phase contradictoire

Les observations doivent permettre de contester les faits lorsque cela est possible, valoriser les mesures correctrices et discuter le principe ou la durée de la fermeture.

9. Après l’arrêté : agir en urgence

Un recours peut être engagé devant le tribunal administratif et, lorsque les conditions sont réunies, un référé-suspension peut être envisagé pour demander la suspension de la mesure.

10. Faire analyser le dossier rapidement

En matière de fermeture administrative, le temps est un élément central de la défense.

Maître D’HAÏTI intervient dès la phase contradictoire pour préparer les observations et, après notification de l’arrêté, pour analyser sa légalité et les recours d’urgence disponibles.

Vous avez reçu un courrier de la préfecture ou un arrêté de fermeture ? Une analyse rapide permet d’identifier les leviers de défense encore mobilisables et la stratégie la plus adaptée à votre situation.