Maître Joffrey CLOCET

Avocat au barreau de Tours

Compétences : Droit du dommage corporel, Droit de la santé, Droit du travail

Barreau : Tours

Adresse : 169-171 boulevard Heurteloup 37000 TOURS

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Publié le 29/10/2026

L’état antérieur ne réduit pas l’indemnisation du décès consécutif à un accident

Article juridique - Droit du dommage corporel

Par Me Joffrey CLOCET

⚖️ Jurisprudence : L’état antérieur ne réduit pas l’indemnisation du décès consécutif à un accident

Par un arrêt important du 14 octobre 2026 (1ère civ., pourvoi n° 25-15.106), la Cour de cassation vient rappeler une règle fondamentale en droit du dommage corporel : lorsqu'un décès n'est pas survenu sans la faute du responsable, l'état pathologique antérieur de la victime ne permet pas de réduire l'indemnisation de ses proches.

Les faits : Le résident d'un foyer médicalisé fait une lourde chute lors de son transfert par le personnel, entraînant des fractures nécessitant une hospitalisation. Des complications surviennent durant les soins et conduisant à son décès.

La censure : La cour d'appel avait réduit l'indemnisation des ayants droit à 30 %, estimant que les pathologies antérieures de la victime avaient contribué au décès à hauteur de 70 %. La Cour de cassation censure cette position au visa de l'article 1231-1 du Code civil et du principe de réparation intégrale : dès lors que le décès n'aurait pas eu lieu sans l'accident initial, le préjudice doit être réparé en totalité.

Une prédisposition ou une maladie préexistante ne peut servir de prétexte pour minorer les droits des victimes et de leurs familles face à un manquement imputable à un tiers.

Maître Joffrey CLOCET

Avocat à Tours

Cabinet ABCD