Maître Catherine SCHULD

Avocat au barreau de Grenoble

Barreau : Grenoble

Adresse : 86 rue de la Liberté 38180 SEYSSINS

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Publié le 01/05/2025

Maire malgré soi

Article juridique - Droit public

Par Me Catherine SCHULD

Maire malgré soi : comprendre l'élection sans candidature

Un conseiller municipal peut être élu maire sans même avoir présenté sa candidature ! C'est ce qu'a confirmé le Conseil d'État dans une décision qui pourrait en surprendre plus d'un. Cette situation, bien que peu commune, est pourtant tout à fait légale et repose sur des dispositions précises du Code général des collectivités territoriales.

Une élection sans candidature préalable

L'article L. 2122-7 du Code général des collectivités territoriales (CGCT) régit l'élection du maire, et par extension, celle du maire délégué. Selon cet article, il n'est pas nécessaire pour un conseiller municipal de déclarer sa candidature pour être élu maire. Cette disposition a été confirmée par le Conseil d'État dans une affaire récente, où un élu a été proclamé maire sans avoir manifesté son souhait de l'être. Ainsi, les suffrages peuvent se porter sur tout membre du conseil municipal, indépendamment de sa volonté initiale d'être élu.

La logique derrière cette règle

Le législateur, en n'imposant pas la présentation de candidatures, a voulu offrir une grande liberté aux conseillers municipaux dans le choix de leur exécutif. Cette approche vise à faciliter la désignation des maires en permettant aux conseillers de voter selon leur conviction, sans être limités par des candidatures formelles. Le Conseil d'État a déjà appliqué cette logique dans d'autres affaires, s'assurant simplement que l'élection se déroule sans manœuvres altérant la sincérité du scrutin.

Une porte de sortie pour l'élu malgré lui

Si un conseiller municipal se retrouve élu maire contre son gré, la législation prévoit des solutions. Les articles L. 2122-15 et L. 2113-17 du CGCT permettent à un maire ou maire délégué de renoncer à ses fonctions en cours de mandat. De plus, si un élu refuse d'assumer ses nouvelles fonctions lors de la séance d'élection, le conseil municipal peut immédiatement procéder à une nouvelle élection pour le remplacer, sans que l'élu doive démissionner formellement.

La possibilité d'être élu maire sans candidature préalable soulève des questions intéressantes sur la flexibilité et la démocratie au sein des conseils municipaux.

CE, 18 nov. 2024, n° 494128, B