Maître Judith FRANK

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit du travail et social, Procédure civile, Procédure d'appel, Droit immobilier

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 238 RUE DE LA CROIX NIVERT 75015 PARIS

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Publié le 11/05/2020

BAIL COMMERCIAL ET COVID 19 / CORONA VIRUS

Article juridique - Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence

Par Me Judith FRANK

BAIL COMMERCIAL ET COVID 19 / CORONA VIRUS

Votre locataire vous a indiqué qu’il ne souhaitait pas régler son loyer commercial durant la période d’urgence sanitaire, soit depuis le 12 Mars 2020, en a-t-il le droit ?

Aujourd’hui, cette période s’étend jusqu’au 24 mai 2020.

Nous vivons une situation inédite, notamment sur le plan du droit. Le tribunaux n’ont pas statué à ce sujet de sorte qu’il n’existe pas de jurisprudence en la matière.

L’ordonnance du 25 Mars 2020 précise que le non-paiement des loyers et des charges ne doit pas être sanctionné par le bailleur du 12 Mars 2020 au 24 mai 2020 (à ce jour) + 2 mois :
Art 4 : pas « de pénalités financières ou intérêts de retard, d’astreinte, d’exécution de la clause résolutoire » pour les « loyers et charges dont l’échéance de paiement intervient entre le 12 Mars 2020 et l’expiration d’un délai de deux mois après la date de cessation de l’état d’urgence… », soit le 24 juillet 2020 (sauf prolongement de la date de cessation)

Selon le décret du 2 avril 2020, la suspension des loyers concernent les locataires qui
ont débuté leur activité avant le 1er février 2020 ;

n’ont pas déposé de déclaration de cessation de paiement au 1er mars 2020 ;
ont un effectif inférieur ou égal à dix salariés ;
ont un chiffre d’affaires constaté lors du dernier exercice clos inférieur à un million d’euros ;
ont un bénéfice imposable qui n’excède pas 60 000 euros au titre du dernier exercice clos ;
n’étaient pas en procédure collective ;
ont subi une perte de chiffre d’affaires d’au moins 50 % durant la période comprise entre le 1er mars 2020 et le 31 mars 2020 par rapport à la même période de l’année précédente.

En d’autres termes, il s’agit de la majorité des locataires.

Il n’y a pas de suppression, mais une suspension du paiement des loyers.

Ainsi, la dette du locataire s’accumule et il aura ensuite un gros retard d’arriérés de loyers à régler.

En conséquence, il est de l’intérêt commun du bailleur et du locataire que ce dernier règle toutes ses échéances, ou au moins ce qu’il peut pendant la période d’urgence sanitaire.

La suspension du paiement des loyers constitue donc un ballon d’oxygène temporaire.

Bien entendu, je me tiens à votre entière disposition pour tout renseignement complémentaire.

Judith FRANK
Avocat à la Cour