Maître Thomas GAURIAT

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit bancaire et boursier, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit des sociétés, Procédure d'appel, Procédure civile

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 44 AVENUE GEORGE V 75008 PARIS

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Publié le 11/09/2025

L'anomalie apparente et le devoir de vigilance du banquier

Article juridique - Droit bancaire et boursier

Par Me Thomas GAURIAT

L'anomalie apparente et le devoir de vigilance du banquier

En droit bancaire, l’« anomalie apparente » constitue une notion centrale pour déterminer la responsabilité du banquier dans l’exécution d’opérations, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit d’opérations non autorisées ou illicites.

Cette notion s’inscrit dans l’opposition entre le devoir de non-ingérence du banquier et son obligation de vigilance, deux principes fondamentaux du droit bancaire français :

Devoir de non-ingérence : le banquier est tenu, par principe, à un devoir de non-ingérence lui interdisant de s’immiscer dans les affaires de ses clients.

Cela a pour conséquence qu’il n’a pas à se préoccuper de l’origine ou de la destination des ordres qui lui sont transmis s’agissant de l’utilisation d’un compte bancaire de son client.

Devoir de vigilance : le banquier doit aussi se renseigner sur les affaires de son client. La responsabilité du banquier pourrait être engagé s’il accepte d’enregistrer une opération dont l’illicéité ressort d’une anomalie apparente.

Par exemple, des virements d’un montant important effectué en déduction d’un compte, mais qui ne portent pas sur des sommes supérieures aux virements habituels du client ne présentent pas une irrégularité. Le banquier n’était donc pas tenu de respecter un devoir de vigilance (CA Lyon, 1er juillet 2025, n° 23/06477).

Vous êtes victime d’une fraude bancaire, d'un spoofing ou de paiements non autorisés ? Maître Gauriat vous propose une première analyse gratuite de 10 minutes pour évaluer vos chances de remboursement. Ne restez pas sans réponse face à votre banque : faites valoir vos droits dès maintenant. Contactez le cabinet au 01.40.06.19.19 ou prenez rendes-vous directement sur thomas-gauriat-avocat.fr.