Maître Anne-Sophie RAMOND

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 2 AVENUE HOCHE 75008 PARIS

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Publié le 22/10/2024

Le bouleversement de la transition de l’indice LIBOR au SARON

Article juridique - Droit du crédit et de la consommation

Par Me Anne-Sophie RAMOND

Le bouleversement de la transition de l’indice LIBOR au SARON

Le passage du LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) au SARON (Swiss Average Rate Overnight) est une transition majeure dans le secteur financier et, particulièrement, dans le cadre des contrats de prêt en devises. Comment l’expliquer? Comment le justifier ?

WHY ? : Pourquoi une transition de l’indice de référence LIBOR pour le SARON ?

- Perte de crédibilité du LIBOR : Depuis la crise financière de 2008, il y a eu des scandales liés à la manipulation et à la fiabilité du LIBOR. Cela a conduit à une perte de confiance dans cet indice, qui était basé sur des déclarations de banques et pas toujours sur des transactions réelles.

- Fin du LIBOR : Les régulateurs internationaux ont progressivement décidé d’abandonner le LIBOR. Pour la Suisse, cela s'est traduit par une transition vers le SARON, un taux d'intérêt basé sur des transactions réelles sur le marché des pensions livrées en franc suisse (CHF).

Dans l'Union européenne, cette abolition et transition se matérialisent par le Règlement d'exécution (UE) 2021/1847 de la Commission du 14 octobre 2021 concernant la désignation d'un taux de remplacement légal pour certaines maturités du LIBOR CHF.

- Caractéristiques du SARON : Contrairement au LIBOR, qui était une estimation à terme des taux d'intérêt, le SARON est un taux au jour le jour basé sur des transactions réelles et reflète donc de manière plus précise les conditions actuelles du marché. Celui-ci est ainsi plus volatile.

LEGAL ? : Les banques pouvaient-elles librement substituer l’indice de référence LIBOR par le SARON dans les contrats de prêt en cours ?

La question de la faculté des banques à substituer l’indice LIBOR par le SARON, et son encadrement, se pose.

Cette substitution est, dans de plusieurs cas, contestable.

Nous vous invitons ainsi à nous contacter afin de savoir si votre situation vous permet de contester la substitution de l’indice de référence dans le cadre de votre emprunt en devises.