Maître Caroline FERRARI

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit des sociétés, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit bancaire et boursier, Droit immobilier

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 129 RUE DE SEVRES 75006 PARIS

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Publié le 22/09/2025

Les Statuts de société : un acte fondateur à ne pas sous-estimer

Article juridique - Droit des sociétés

Par Me Caroline FERRARI

Les Statuts de société : un acte fondateur à ne pas sous-estimer

Pour beaucoup d’entrepreneurs, rédiger les statuts de leur société semble n’être qu’une simple formalité administrative. En réalité, c’est l’une des étapes les plus stratégiques de la création d’entreprise. Des statuts mal rédigés peuvent entraîner des blocages juridiques, des conflits entre associés, ou freiner le développement de l’activité.

À la création comme en cours de vie sociale (entrée d’un nouvel associé, réorganisation, cession…), il est essentiel de bien réfléchir à la rédaction ou à la modification des statuts.

Un document structurant, loin d’un simple modèle

Les statuts définissent les règles du jeu au sein de l’entreprise : répartition du capital et des pouvoirs, modalités de décision, règles de gouvernance, conditions d’entrée ou de sortie d’un associé…

Derrière un modèle apparemment standard, chaque société a besoin de statuts adaptés à sa forme juridique (SAS, SARL, SCI…), à la configuration de ses associés, à ses objectifs de croissance et à ses contraintes fiscales ou opérationnelles.

C’est encore plus vrai pour les SAS, forme plébiscitée par les PME pour sa souplesse : cette liberté impose une rédaction rigoureuse et complète. Ce que les statuts ne prévoient pas, personne ne le suppléera.

Anticiper les risques, sécuriser l’avenir

Des clauses mal formulées ou absentes peuvent rapidement créer de l’insécurité :

blocage des décisions en cas d’associés à 50/50,
clauses d’exclusion ou de cession floues ou inapplicables,
droits de vote ou pouvoirs mal répartis...

En anticipant ces situations dès la rédaction, on peut sécuriser la sortie d’un associé, protéger les fondateurs, organiser la gouvernance ou préparer une transmission.

Un outil stratégique pour le futur

Au-delà des aspects juridiques, les statuts sont aussi un instrument stratégique. Ils peuvent faciliter l’entrée de nouveaux investisseurs, prévoir des mécanismes de gouvernance adaptés à la taille de votre entreprise, ou organiser la transmission de l’entreprise.

Attention aux modèles gratuits

Copier-coller un modèle trouvé en ligne peut sembler économique, mais ces modèles sont rarement adaptés aux spécificités de votre projet. Ils peuvent manquer de clauses clés ou contenir des formulations juridiques inadaptées. Résultat : des décisions inapplicables, des conflits, voire des litiges.

Conclusion : des bases solides pour une entreprise pérenne

Sans forcément rédiger seul des statuts complets, il est essentiel pour tout entrepreneur de bien comprendre les enjeux qu’ils recouvrent. S’entourer d’un conseil spécialisé en droit des sociétés permet d’éviter bien des pièges et de construire une entreprise sur des fondations solides.

Entreprendre, c’est anticiper. Et cela commence dès les statuts.