Maître Caroline HAMON-CHETRIT

Avocat au barreau d'Aix-en-provence

Compétences : Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit du dommage corporel, Procédure d'appel, Droit immobilier, Droit du travail et social, Droit des assurances

Barreau : Aix-en-provence

Adresse : 2. Boulevard Mougin 13500 MARTIGUES

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Publié le 08/06/2020

COVID 19 ET FORCE MAJEURE

Article juridique - Droit du crédit et de la consommation

Par Me Caroline HAMON-CHETRIT

L’expérience de l’épidémie de Coronavirus devra conduire dorénavant à prévoir au contrat la stipulation expresse d’une clause contractuelle concernant la force majeure incluant spécifiquement les épidémies et une option de résiliation du contrat (article 1195 du code civil).

A défaut d’une clause contractuelle prévoyant le cas de force majeure, les dispositions légales générales s’appliquent : extériorité, imprévisibilité, irrésistibilité.

Pour le critère d'imprévisibilité, plusieurs réponses se basant sur la chronologie de l'épidémie. (

les déclarations officielles comportant des dates de référence :

le 30 Janvier 2020, l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé a qualifié d’urgence de santé publique de portée internationale l’émergence d’un nouveau coronavirus 2019 ou Covid-19, de caractère pathogène particulièrement contagieux.
le 11 Mars 2020, l’OMS a qualifié le phénomène de Pandémie.
le 4 Mars 2020, le gouvernement français a commencé à prendre des mesures destinées à réduire le risque de contagion sur le territoire français.

Pour le critère d'irrésistibilité,

, les différentes mesures économiques mises en place par le Gouvernement (report du paiement des charges, accompagnement financier, etc.) pourraient être qualifiées de solutions alternatives. Encore faut-il que le débiteur de l’obligation contractuelle ait repris ou ait notifié au créancier de manière circonstanciée des propositions alternatives aux dispositions contractuelles initiales.

Il faudra donc analyser précisément chaque situation et ses enjeux, étant rappelé que la Jurisprudence est restrictive pour admettre la force majeure.

Se reporter à l'article complet dans l'onglet ACTUALITES ddu site : http://www.hamon-chetrit-avocat-martigues.com

Fichier attaché