Maître Ahmed AKABA

Avocat au barreau de Rouen

Compétences : Droit rural, Droit du travail et social, Urbanisme

Barreau : Rouen

Adresse : 121 ancienne route de Darnétal 76230 BOIS GUILLAUME

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Publié le 07/01/2019

L'obligation de sécurité de l'employeur face aux souffrances morales du salarié

Article juridique - Droit du travail et social

Par Me Ahmed AKABA

L'obligation de sécurité de l'employeur face aux souffrances morales du salarié

Quelle est la nature de l’obligation de l’employeur ?

En matière de protection de la santé et de la sécurité des salariés, l'employeur est tenu à une obligation de sécurité.

Il doit donc veiller à ce que ses salariés puissent travailler en toute sécurité sans avoir à craindre pour leur santé physique ou mentale.

Cette obligation de sécurité est une obligation de résultat.

Que signifie « obligation de résultat » ?

En matière de charge de la preuve, cela facilite le travail du salarié victime d’un accident de travail ou d’une maladie professionnelle.

En effet, l’on va considérer que le simple fait que le résultat ne soit pas atteint, justifie de retenir, par principe, une faute de l’employeur et donc sa responsabilité.

Toutefois, l’employeur pourra toujours tenter de se dégager de toute responsabilité en invoquant, et en démontrant, qu’il a pris les mesures nécessaires pour assurer la sécurité et protéger la santé physique et mentale des travailleurs.

Quelles doivent être ces mesures visant à la sécurité au travail ?

Il s’agit, bien évidemment et au premier chef, d’actions de prévention des risques professionnels.

Il s’agit, également, d’actions d'information et de formation sur la prévention des risques de toutes natures auxquels les salariés sont potentiellement exposés.

De ce point de vue, l’on insistera sur l’importance de la mise en place d’un document unique qui répertorie l'ensemble des risques professionnels auxquels sont exposés les salariés.

Ce document doit être mis à jour annuellement.

A noter que pour la Cour de cassation, l’absence de document unique dans l’entreprise, constitue une faute inexcusable de la part de l’employeur.

Enfin, ces mesures consistent pour l’employeur à mettre à la disposition des salariés des moyens matériels de protection (EPI) dont il doit, par le biais de contrôles réguliers à son initiative, s’assurer de l’effectivité du port.

Quels sont ces risques auxquels sont explosés les salariés au travail ?

Ces risques sont nombreux.

(...)

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