Maître Linda FERRARI

Avocat au barreau de Nice

Compétences : Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit immobilier

Barreau : Nice

Adresse : 52 Bis Bd Victor Hugo 06000 NICE

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Publié le 29/09/2026

Recel successoral : quand un héritier dissimule des biens ou des donations

Article juridique - Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine

Par Me Linda FERRARI

Recel successoral : quand un héritier dissimule des biens ou des donations

Des retraits d'espèces importants dans les derniers mois de vie, un bijou de famille qui disparaît, une donation « oubliée » lors du rendez-vous chez le notaire : ces situations peuvent relever du recel successoral, une sanction sévère prévue par l'article 778 du Code civil.

Qu'est-ce que le recel ?

Le recel est le fait, pour un héritier, de chercher à rompre l'égalité du partage à son profit en dissimulant des biens de la succession, une donation reçue du défunt ou l'existence d'un autre héritier. Deux éléments doivent être réunis : un fait matériel (détournement, dissimulation, silence gardé) et une intention frauduleuse (la volonté de s'avantager au détriment des autres).

Une sanction lourde

L'héritier receleur :

est réputé avoir accepté la succession purement et simplement : il ne peut plus y renoncer ;
perd tout droit sur les biens recelés, qui reviennent intégralement aux autres héritiers ;
doit restituer les fruits et revenus produits par ces biens depuis leur appropriation.

Lorsqu'il a dissimulé une donation, il doit en rapporter la valeur sans pouvoir prétendre à aucune part sur celle-ci.

Comment prouver le recel ?

La preuve se construit à partir des relevés bancaires du défunt, des déclarations faites chez le notaire, des témoignages, des échanges écrits. L'avocat peut obtenir, au besoin par voie judiciaire, la communication des relevés de comptes sur plusieurs années. L'analyse précise des mouvements permet de distinguer les dépenses normales de la vie courante des sommes réellement détournées.

Le repentir reste possible

L'héritier qui restitue spontanément les biens avant toute poursuite échappe en principe à la sanction. C'est souvent un argument de négociation : rappeler les conséquences du recel peut conduire l'intéressé à régulariser la situation.

Le conseil de l'avocat

Réagissez tôt : conservez les documents, demandez au notaire de consigner vos observations et faites analyser les comptes avant la signature de tout acte de partage.

Maître Linda Ferrari, avocate au Barreau de Nice, cabinet LAWINGS – 52 bis boulevard Victor Hugo, Nice. Droit des successions et de l'indivision. Site : www.lawings-avocat.fr – Tél. 04 49 39 28 19.