Maître Linda FERRARI

Avocat au barreau de Nice

Compétences : Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit immobilier

Barreau : Nice

Adresse : 52 Bis Bd Victor Hugo 06000 NICE

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Publié le 29/09/2026

Assurance-vie : quand les primes versées peuvent être réintégrées dans la succession

Article juridique - Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine

Par Me Linda FERRARI

Assurance-vie : quand les primes versées peuvent être réintégrées dans la succession

L'assurance-vie échappe en principe à la succession : le capital est versé directement au bénéficiaire désigné. Mais cette règle a une limite importante. Lorsque les sommes placées sont manifestement exagérées au regard des facultés du souscripteur, elles peuvent être réintégrées dans la succession et servir au calcul de la réserve des héritiers (article L. 132-13 du Code des assurances).

Comment apprécie-t-on l'exagération ?

Les juges examinent la situation du souscripteur au jour de chaque versement : son âge, son patrimoine, ses revenus, sa situation familiale, et l'utilité que présentait l'opération pour lui. Un placement réalisé par une personne jeune, pour préparer sa retraite, sera rarement jugé excessif. Un versement de la quasi-totalité de l'épargne par une personne très âgée, sans intérêt pour elle, le sera beaucoup plus souvent.

Une précision importante de la Cour de cassation

Dans un arrêt du 19 décembre 2024 (2e chambre civile, n° 23-19.110), la Cour de cassation a rappelé que l'intérêt de l'héritier ou l'atteinte portée à sa réserve n'est pas un critère. Seule compte la situation du souscripteur. Pour réussir, il faut donc reconstituer précisément son patrimoine à chaque date de versement.

Obtenir les informations sur les contrats

Les héritiers ignorent souvent tout des contrats souscrits. Une recherche peut être effectuée auprès de l'AGIRA, et, en cas de refus de l'assureur ou du bénéficiaire de communiquer les pièces, une procédure de référé permet d'obtenir la production des contrats, avenants et relevés de versements.

Changement de bénéficiaire contesté

Une modification de la clause bénéficiaire peu avant le décès, au profit d'une personne de l'entourage, peut également être remise en cause lorsqu'elle a été réalisée alors que le souscripteur n'était plus en état de consentir ou sous l'influence d'un tiers.

Le conseil de l'avocat

Ne signez pas la déclaration de succession sans avoir fait le point sur les contrats d'assurance-vie du défunt. Les enjeux financiers sont souvent supérieurs à ceux du reste de la succession.

Maître Linda Ferrari, avocate au Barreau de Nice, cabinet LAWINGS – 52 bis boulevard Victor Hugo, Nice. Droit des successions et de l'indivision. Site : www.lawings-avocat.fr – Tél. 04 49 39 28 19.