Maître Marine VENIN

Avocat au barreau de Bordeaux

Compétences : Construction, Droit des assurances, Droit public

Barreau : Bordeaux

Adresse : 3 BIS Cours de Tournon 33000 BORDEAUX

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Publié le 05/02/2021

Obligation de sécurité de résultat

Article juridique - Droit immobilier

Par Me Marine VENIN

Obligation de sécurité de résultat : elle s'applique à la société chargée de la maintenance.

Obligation de sécurité de résultat : celui qui est chargé de la maintenance d'une porte automatique de garage est tenu d'une obligation de résultat en ce qui concerne la sécurité de l'appareil (3ème Civ, 5 novembre 2020, n° 19-10857).

Un locataire d'une résidence a été blessé par la porte automatique d'accès au parking de l'immeuble, qui ne s'est pas refermée et qu'il a voulu fermer manuellement.

Il a alors assigné l'assureur du propriétaire de l'immeuble, qui a appelé en garantie la société chargée de la maintenance de la porte.

La Cour d'Appel a mis hors de cause l'entreprise de maintenance, si bien que l'assureur a formé un pourvoi en cassation. Elle a retenu qu'il pouvait s'écouler six mois entre deux visites d'entretien, et que durant ces périodes, l'intervention de l'entreprise en raison d'un dysfonctionnement de la porte du garage est conditionnée par le signalement du gardien de l'immeuble.

Les Juges d'appel en ont donc déduit que l'obligation de sécurité pesant sur la société chargée de l'entretien ne pouvait être que de moyen s'agissant des avaries survenant entre deux visites et sans lien avec l'une de ses visites.

L'arrêt d'appel est cassé par la Cour de Cassation, au visa de l'ancien article 1147 du Code Civil applicable au litige.

Selon la Haute Juridiction, celui qui est chargé de la maintenance d'une porte automatique d'accès à un parking est tenu d'une obligation de sécurité de résultat.

Le Code de la Construction et de l'habitation impose effectivement aux propriétaires de certains équipements (ascenseurs, porte de garage...) une obligation d'entretien et de vérification (article L. 125-1 et suivants). S'est donc posée la question de la nature de l'obligation de l'entreprise de maintenance : obligation de moyen ou obligation de sécurité de résultat ?

Cet arrêt tranche la question concernant les sociétés de maintenance de porte automatique de garage, confirmant la solution adoptée pour l'entretien des ascenseurs (3ème Civ, 1er avril 2009, n° 08-10070).