Maître Nawel FERHAT

Avocat au barreau de Lyon

Compétences : Droit immobilier, Construction

Barreau : Lyon

Adresse : 3 rue de la Barre 69002 LYON

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Publié le 22/11/2019

La différence entre la réception et la livraison : attention à la confusion

Article juridique - Droit immobilier

Par Me Nawel FERHAT

La différence entre la réception et la livraison : attention à la confusion

Livraison ou réception, telle est la question.

Beaucoup de mes clients confondent la notion de livraison avec celle de réception. Pourtant, les conséquences juridiques sont strictement différentes.

LA RECEPTION est l'acte par lequel le maître de l'ouvrage déclare recevoir l'ouvrage. Elle est énoncée à l'article 1792-6 du Code civil. C'est un acte juridique qui a pour conséquences : la fin des contrats entre le maître de l'ouvrage et les entreprises intervenantes à l'acte de construire, le point de départ des garanties légales (GPA, décennale et biennale), le transfert de la garde de la chose. Elle peut être tacite ou expresse et le mieux, c'est qu'un PV de réception écrit soit établi. La réception est contradictoire même si l'entreprise bien que convoquée à la réception, ne se déplace pas.

LA LIVRAISON est un fait juridique qui conduit l'acquéreur à prendre possession de son bien. Lors de cette livraison les clés lui sont remises et l'acquéreur va pouvoir dresser sa liste de réserves avec le promoteur. Il disposera encore d'un délai d'un mois pour dénoncer les vices apparents. Si les réserves ne sont pas levées, il conviendra alors d'assigner en respectant les délais des articles 1642-1 et 1648 du Code civil. Attention ce sont des délais de forclusion donc si on n'a pas assigné c'est fini.

double attention, en cas de construction de maisons individuelles les notions peuvent être les mêmes (réception, livraison) mais pas les délais pour dénoncer les vices apparents (8 jours si vous n'êtes pas assisté d'un expert dans le cadre d'un contrat de construction d'une maison individuelle).

Mais qui sont le maître de l'ouvrage ? L'acquéreur ?

Quand un promoteur (le maître de l'ouvrage) vous (l'acquéreur) vend un appartement ou une maison sur plan, il (le promoteur qui est maître de l'ouvrage) va réceptionner l'immeuble avec ses entreprises et va livrer ses appartements ou villas à ses acquéreurs (vous).

Quand vous (maître de l'ouvrage) construisez votre maison vous la réceptionnerez avec votre ou vos entreprise(s). Il n'y aura donc pas de livraison mais uniquement une réception.

Me Nawel FERHAT