Maître Sarah-Marie BOYER

Avocat au barreau de Lyon

Compétences : Droit de la santé, Droit public

Barreau : Lyon

Adresse : 12 Quai Jules Courmont 69002 LYON

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Publié le 01/10/2025

Responsabilité médicale : forte hausse des condamnations civiles en 2024

Article juridique - Droit de la santé

Par Me Sarah-Marie BOYER

Responsabilité médicale : forte hausse des condamnations civiles en 2024

La MACSF – Le Sou Médical a publié son rapport d’activité 2024, et les chiffres interpellent :

75% : c’est désormais le taux de condamnation des professionnels de santé devant les juridictions civiles (+5 points vs 2023).

Devant les CCI, 45% des avis concluent à une faute.

Qui est concerné ?

Les médecins en première ligne, notamment :

1- Chirurgie (orthopédique, viscérale/digestive, maxillo-faciale)

2- Médecine générale

3- Anesthésie-réanimation

4- Ophtalmologie

5- Cardiologie & imagerie médicale (ex aequo)

Côté paramédical : les chirurgiens-dentistes concentrent 65% des condamnations.

Pourquoi cette hausse ?

Des juges plus sévères, privilégiant l’indemnisation des patients.
Le rôle des CCI, qui renforcent une logique de réparation rapide.
La crise du système de santé : pénurie de praticiens, surcharge de travail, déserts médicaux → perte de chance pour les patients.

Motifs récurrents de condamnation :

Chirurgie : défaut d’information (souvent associé à une infection).
Médecine générale : retard/défaut de diagnostic (AVC, infarctus).
Anesthésie : erreurs dans l’antibioprophylaxie ou l’antibiothérapie.

62 millions d’euros versés aux victimes en 2024. Près de 80 décisions ont dépassé les 100 000 € d’indemnisation, certaines se chiffrant en millions.

Cette tendance interroge : comment concilier protection des patients, sécurité juridique des soignants et soutenabilité de notre système de santé ?

Dans un contexte de judiciarisation croissante, mieux vaut anticiper et s’entourer des bons conseils.