Maître Gisela Ruth SUCHY

Avocat au barreau de Versailles

Compétences : Droit fiscal et droit douanier, Droit public, Droit immobilier, Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit pénal des affaires, Droit du travail et social, Droit des étrangers et de la nationalité, Droit des garanties, des sûretés et des mesures d'exécution, Droit de la protection des données personnelles

Barreau : Versailles

Adresse : 17 Place des Bruyères 78260 ACHERES

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Publié le 09/08/2023

OQTF et ressortissant européen

Article juridique - Droit international et de l'Union européenne

Par Me Gisela Ruth SUCHY

Jusqu'à récemment, l'arrêté portant obligation de quitter le territoire français ou OQTF pour les intimes, ne concernait les ressortissants européens que de façon très marginale.

Actuellement, certaines préfectures ont adopté une pratique tout à fait contestable. Ils font notifier, à l'occasion d'une garde-à-vue, des arrêtés OQTF avec ou sans placement en rétention administrative à des ressortissants européens, souvent installés depuis long temps en France.

Ainsi, le ressortissant européen placé en garde-à-vue sera interrogé sur sa situation au regard du séjour. Il n peut évidemment pas produire les justificatifs de travail, de durée d'installation, etc, bref de la régularité de son séjour. Pendant que cette personne est retenue un arrêté OQTF est pris. Il sera motivé par le fait que son destinataire ne rapportant la preuve de ce qu'il allègue. L'arrêté est notifié à l'issue de cette période de privation de liberté qui se prolongera dans certains cas dans un centre de rétention administrative.

Les arrêtés OQTF doivent être contestés sous 30 jours devant le tribunal administratif compétent (48 heures en cas de placement en centre de rétention, CRA). Il convient de considérer éventuellement un recours en appel, voir devant le Conseil d'Etat, si les conditions d'un éloignement du territoire ne sont pas réunies. En particulier, si la condition de menace à un intérêt fondamental de la société n'est pas remplie faute de condamnation définitive (notamment, les signalements) ou actualité du trouble (qui aura cessé, par exemple par l'échange d'un permis de conduire à la suite d'une condamnation pour conduite sans permis).

Certes, un arrêté OQTF vers un État membre de l'Union sans interdiction de retour sera facilement exécuté. Il suffira de faire un tour au pays en n'oubliant pas une petite visite de courtoisie au consulat français du coin. Mais cet arrêté, s'il n'est pas annulé, fait perdre la durée de résidence acquise. Ainsi il fait perdre le maintien du droit au séjour en cas de perte des ressources financières : chômage, accident non professionnel, maladie...