Maître Zaïra APACHEVA

Avocat au barreau de Lyon

Compétences : Droit du crédit et de la consommation, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit bancaire et financier

Barreau : Lyon

Adresse : 1A Chemin de la Pomme 69160 TASSIN LA DEMI LUNE

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Publié le 31/03/2025

AVOCAT DU CAUTIONNEMENT A LYON

Article juridique - Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence

Par Me Zaïra APACHEVA

Caution avertie et devoir de mise en garde

Afin de tenter d’échapper au paiement (du moins, partiellement), la caution d’une société débitrice placée en liquidation judiciaire, peut invoquer le manquement par la banque à son devoir de mise en garde.

Toutefois, pour les cautionnements souscrits avant la réforme du 15 septembre 2021, une caution « avertie » ne bénéficiait pas du devoir de mise en garde.

Tel était notamment le cas des cautions qui s’impliquaient dans la vie de la société (ex : la caution est associée et / ou dirigeante de la société emprunteuse), ou eu égard à l’expérience de la caution dans la vie des affaires.

Depuis l’entrée en vigueur de la réforme susmentionnée (1er janvier 2022), le créancier professionnel est tenu de mettre en garde toutes les cautions personnes physiques, lorsque l’engagement du débiteur principal est inadapté aux capacités financières de ce dernier, et ce, quelles que soient leurs compétences et expériences.

Aller plus loin : outre le manquement par la banque à son devoir de mise en garde, la caution dispose de différents autres moyens de défense, lesquels peuvent lui permettre de faire tomber entièrement le cautionnement ou a minima, réduire substantiellement son quantum.

Voici les questions que doit se poser la caution lorsqu’elle est poursuivie en paiement par la banque :

la dette de cautionnement ne serait-elle pas éteinte / prescrite ?
mon consentement était-il libre et éclairé au moment de la souscription du cautionnement?
ai-je souscrit un engagement simple ou solidaire ?
l’acte de cautionnement est-il régulier ?
le créancier n’aurait-il pas commis des négligences quant à la préservation de mes droits ?
le cautionnement souscrit n’est-il pas disproportionné ?
le créancier a-t-il satisfait à son obligation de mise en garde ?
le créancier a-t-il rempli ses obligations d’information ?

Notre Cabinet se tient à votre disposition pour vous aider à dénicher les « vices » de votre cautionnement vous permettant ainsi de vous décharger partiellement ou totalement de votre engagement.

Vous pouvez nous contacter :