Maître Alain PAREIL

Avocat au barreau de Bordeaux

Compétences : Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit du travail et social, Droit immobilier, Droit routier et de la circulation routière, Droit des transports, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit des assurances, Droit du dommage corporel, Droit des sociétés

Barreau : Bordeaux

Adresse : 95 avenue de la Boétie 33320 LE TAILLAN MEDOC

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Publié le 26/04/2024

Licenciement pour inaptitude et prescription de l'action en contestation

Article juridique - Droit du travail et social

Par Me Alain PAREIL

Licenciement pour inaptitude et prescription de l'action en contestation

Le point de départ du délai de prescription de l'action en contestation du licenciement pour inaptitude d'un salarié est la date de notification de ce licenciement.

Dès lors, lorsqu'un salarié conteste, dans le délai imparti, son licenciement pour inaptitude, il est recevable à invoquer le moyen selon lequel l'inaptitude est la conséquence d'un manquement de l'employeur à son obligation de sécurité.

La salariée faisait grief à l'arrêt attaqué d'avoir déclaré irrecevables ses demandes concernant les manquements de son employeur à son obligation de sécurité et son licenciement sans cause réelle et sérieuse.

Elle soutenait que son licenciement pour inaptitude est directement lié à ces manquements.

La cour d'appel a estimé que la requérante avait nécessairement connaissance des manquements à l'obligation de sécurité à la date de son arrêt de travail, le 20 février 2013, et que par conséquent, ses demandes étaient prescrites depuis le 20 février 2015.

À l'appui de son pourvoi, la requérante a fait valoir que le délai de prescription de l'action en contestation d'un licenciement court à compter de la notification de celui-ci.

Dans son cas, elle a été licenciée par lettre du 23 décembre 2015 et a saisi le conseil de prud’hommes le 18 mai 2016. Elle soutenait donc que son action en contestation de son licenciement n'était pas prescrite.

Le juge de cassation lui donne raison (Cass. soc., 24 avr. 2024, n° 22-19.401, FS-B).

Dans son arrêt, il rappelle les termes de l'article L. 1471-1 du Code du travail, selon lequel toute action concernant l'exécution ou la rupture d'un contrat de travail se prescrit par 2 ans à compter du jour où la personne concernée a connu ou aurait dû connaître les faits lui permettant d'exercer son droit.

Le délai de prescription pour contester un licenciement pour inaptitude commence à la date de notification de ce licenciement.

Il s'ensuit que si un salarié conteste son licenciement pour inaptitude dans le délai imparti, il est recevable à invoquer le fait que l'inaptitude est la conséquence d'un manquement de l'employeur à son obligation de sécurité.

(Source : Lexis360 du 26/04/2024)