Maître Elsa VALENZA

Avocat au barreau d'Aix-en-provence

Compétences : Droit pénal, Droit de la famille, divorce, séparation, Copropriété, Droit routier et de la circulation routière, Procédure civile

Barreau : Aix-en-provence

Adresse : Espace Forbin 13100 AIX EN PROVENCE

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Publié le 27/04/2021

LA CORRUPTION : QUELLES SANCTIONS ?

Article juridique - Droit pénal

Par Me Elsa VALENZA

L'infraction de corruption est formelle : peu importe la survenance du résultat (accomplissement de l'acte et récompense effective). Le seul pacte de corruption caractérise celle-ci : la tentative est donc impossible.

Les peines varient selon que le condamné est une personne physique ou morale.

PERSONNES PHYSIQUES

I PEINES PRINCIPALES POUR LES PERSONNES PHYSIQUES

Principe : tous les délits de corruption
- 10 ans d'emprisonnement et de 1 million d'euros d'amende ou du double du produit tiré de l'infraction
Exception : corruptions active et passive d'agent privé
- 5 ans d'emprisonnement et 500 000 euros d'amende ou du double du produit tiré de l'infraction.
- La peine d'amende peut par ailleurs être portée à 2 millions d'euros ou au double du produit de l'infraction qui excède ce montant lorsque celle-ci porte atteinte aux recettes perçues, aux dépenses exposées ou aux avoirs relevant du budget de l'Union Européenne, des budgets des institutions, organes et organismes de l'Union ainsi que des budgets gérés et contrôlés directement par eux et qu'elle est commise en bande organisée.
- La corruption passive d'agent de justice peut être aggravée lorsqu'elle est commise au bénéfice ou au détriment d'une personne faisant l'objet de poursuites criminelles : l'infraction devient alors un crime puni de 15 ans de réclusion criminelle (C. pén., art. 434-9).
Le système de repenti (exemption ou réduction de peines) s'applique à toutes ces infractions.

II. LES PEINES COMPLEMENTAIRES POUR LES PERSONNES PHYSIQUES

A l'encontre de l'auteur de corruption :
- interdiction des droits civils, civiques et de famille
- interdiction d'exercer certaines fonctions dans l'exercice desquelles l'infraction a été commise
- confiscations spéciales
- publicité de la décision
- sanction-réparation.
Pour les délits de corruption d'agent étranger, la juridiction peut prononcer une peine d'interdiction du territoire national.
L'auteur de corruption peut aussi être condamné à l'interdiction d'exercer une activité bancaire, immobilière, de crédit ou d'assurance.

LES PERSONNES MORALES

La peine est portée au quintuple de l'amende prévue pour les personnes physiques et peut être assortie des peines spécifiques de l'article 131-39 du code pénal.
La peine consistant en une obligation de soumission à un programme de mise en conformité est encourue pour certaines infractions de corruption (art. 131-39-2, 433-26, 434-48, 435-15 et 445-4).

Pour les infractions de corruption active et de corruption passive d'agent privé,

une convention judiciaire d'intérêt public peut être proposée à la personne morale par le procureur de la République, tant que l'action publique n'a pas été mise en mouvement.

Les personnes morales peuvent être condamnées, en qualité de complice sauf pour la corruption passive d'agent de justice

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