Maître Marie PASQUIER

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Avocat titulaire d'un certificat de spécialisation en Droit de la propriété intellectuelle

Compétences : Droit de la propriété intellectuelle, Droit de l'informatique et des télécommunications

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 18 RUE DES PYRAMIDES 75001 PARIS

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Publié le 08/03/2018

Les biens et technologies à double usage (civil/militaire)

Article juridique - Droit fiscal et droit douanier

Par Me Marie PASQUIER

Les biens et technologies à double usage (civil/militaire)

Le contrôle des exportations des biens et technologies dits "à double-usage" (BDU) est mis en œuvre par l’Etat pour lutter contre l’accumulation déstabilisante d’armes dans certaines régions du monde.

Le règlement européen n° 428/2009 est le texte de référence en vigueur.

L'article 2 de ce règlement définit les «biens à double usage» comme "les produits, y compris les logiciels et les technologies, susceptibles d’avoir une utilisation tant civile que militaire; ils incluent tous les biens qui peuvent à la fois être utilisés à des fins non explosives et entrer de manière quelconque dans la fabrication d’armes nucléaires ou d’autres dispositifs nucléaires explosifs".

Le règlement n° 428/2009 est applicable dans tous les Etats membres de l'Union européenne et permet à ces derniers de contrôler (via des autorisations d'exportation ou licences administratives), l'exportation (hors de l'UE), ainsi que le courtage et le transit de biens à double usage. Cependant, pour certaines technologies particulièrement "sensibles", le transfert intra-communautaire peut être également soumis à une obligations d'autorisation préalable.

Le règlement, régulièrement mis à jour, contient une liste commune (= Annexe I) de biens contrôlés, et il est de la responsabilité de l'exportateur de classer ses produits au regard de cette liste, puis d'obtenir le cas échéant les autorisations nécessaires auprès de la DGE-SBDU, avant l'exportation.

Un site de la DGE est dédié à cette réglementation.

A noter que pour les moyens de cryptologie, des procédures administratives supplémentaires peuvent être nécessaires avant l'exportation, mais également préalablement à l'importation et à la commercialisaiton en France. Le site de l'ANSSI vous informe des règles et démarches à suivre.

Le Cabinet FWPA traite depuis plus de 20 ans ce type de dossiers pour ses clients : assistance, conseil, formation, audit, représentation.