Maître Pierre PELISSIER

Avocat au barreau de Montpellier

Compétences : Droit public, Droit pénal général, Droit de l'environnement

Barreau : Montpellier

Adresse : 5 rue Boussairolles 34000 MONTPELLIER

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Publié le 13/01/2025

Les fourrières municipales

Article juridique - Droit public

Par Me Pierre PELISSIER

Les fourrières municipales

L’article L.211-24 alinéas 1er, 2 et 4 du Code rural et de la pêche maritime prévoit une obligation pour les communes de disposer d’une fourrière municipale/communale, apte à l’accueil et à la garde des chiens et chats errants, ou en état de divagation, durant un délai déterminé ou, à défaut, d’une fourrière établie sur une commune voisine et avec son accord

En conséquence, le maire a, au titre de ses pouvoirs de police administrative spéciale, l’obligation de prendre les mesures nécessaires pour faire cesser la divagation d’animaux domestiques, tout en mettant en œuvre les moyens de les tenir captifs dans des conditions satisfaisantes.

Ce sont, parfois, les établissements publics de coopération intercommunale (EPCI) à fiscalité propre (métropoles, communautés urbaines, de communes ou d’agglomération) qui se voient parfois transférer la compétence en la matière, auquel cas ce sont ces derniers qui ont la charge de cette obligation à l’échelle intercommunale.

De plus, cette obligation peut s’exercer directement en régie ou, à défaut, être externalisée par un contrat de délégation de service public à un tiers délégataire qui peuvent être des fondations ou associations disposant d’un refuge.

En principe, l’animal doit être restitué au propriétaire si celui-ci se manifeste, et à défaut ils doivent être gardés durant un certain délai dans des conditions d’accueil satisfaisantes.

En cas de conditions et de capacités insatisfaisantes, le maire doit se rapprocher d’une commune voisine pour bénéficier de capacités supplémentaires de fourrières.

Le délai de garde est, en principe, un délai franc de huit jours ouvrés.

À défaut, et en l’absence de propriétaires le réclamant dans ce délai, l’animal est réputé abandonné et en conséquence il peut être euthanasié, vendu ou cédé gratuitement à une association selon les articles L.211-20, L.211-21 et L.211-25 du Code rural et de la pêche maritime.

À défaut d’exercice de ses pouvoirs de police administrative, le maire engage la responsabilité administrative pour faute simple de la commune sur le fondement d’une carence fautive (CE, 9 novembre 2018, req. n°411626).