Maître Aline SIMARD

Avocat au barreau de Versailles

Avocat titulaire d'un certificat de spécialisation en Droit public

Compétences : Droit public

Barreau : Versailles

Adresse : 3 Rue Antoine Coypel 78000 VERSAILLES

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Publié le 03/05/2017

L'AUTORISATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE UNIQUE GENERALISEE

Article juridique - Droit public

Par Me Aline SIMARD

L'AUTORISATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE UNIQUE GENERALISEE

Entrée en vigueur depuis le 1er mars 2017, la réforme de l'autorisation environnementale unique a pour objectif de simplifier les procédures au bénéfice des entreprises (cf.: ordonnance n°2017-80 du 27 janvier 2017 et décrets n°2017-81 et 2017-82 du 26 janvier 2017).

Sont concernés par cette réforme les porteurs de projet soumis à autorisation au titre des ICPE, les installations, ouvrages, travaux et aménagements soumis à la loi sur l'eau (IOTA) et les projets soumis à évaluation environnementale (sauf ceux autorisés à prendre des mesures d'évitement, de réduction ou de compensation).

La nouvelle autorisation se substituera à plusieurs autres procédures: dérogations aux mesures de protection de la faune et de la flore sauvages, absence d'opposition au titre des sites Natura 2000, agrément pour le traitement des déchets, autorisation de défrichement, etc.

Les délais d'instruction ont été réduits à 9 mois au lieu de 15 mois actuellement.

Pour les éoliennes, l'autorisation environnementale vaut exceptionnellement permis de construire.

Le permis de construire pourra être délivré avant l'autorisation environnementale mais il est interdit de construire avant d'avoir obtenu cette dernière.

Le décret n°2017-81 fixe les délais de recours contentieux à deux mois pour le pétitionnaire, et à quatre mois pour les tiers.

Les tiers peuvent déposer une réclamation auprès du préfet, à compter de la mise en service du projet autorisé, aux seules fins de contester l'insuffisance ou l'inadaptation des prescriptions définies dans l'autorisation, en raison des inconvénients ou des dangers du projet autorisé.

Le préfet dispose d'un délai de deux mois, à compter de la réception de la réclamation, pour y répondre de manière motivée. a défaut, la réponse est réputée négative.