Maître Elodie DHENRY

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit du dommage corporel, Droit de la santé, Droit des assurances, Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Procédure civile

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 76 AVENUE DES CHAMPS ELYSEES 75008 PARIS

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Publié le 30/01/2024

Qu’est-ce que la fausse déclaration intentionnelle ?

Article juridique - Droit des assurances

Par Me Elodie DHENRY

Qu’est-ce que la fausse déclaration intentionnelle ?

La fausse déclaration intentionnelle est prévue par le Code des assurances :

« le contrat d'assurance est nul en cas de réticence ou de fausse déclaration intentionnelle de la part de l'assuré, quand cette réticence ou cette fausse déclaration change l'objet du risque ou en diminue l'opinion pour l'assureur, alors même que le risque omis ou dénaturé par l'assuré a été sans influence sur le sinistre. »

En d’autres termes, l’assureur se fonde sur une fausse déclaration ou une absence de déclaration de l’assuré pour annuler le contrat depuis son origine et refuser de prendre en charge le sinistre actuel.

Il convient de préciser que la réticence ou la fausse déclaration peut n’avoir aucun rapport avec le sinistre.

Toutefois, encore faut-il que l’assureur soit en mesure de rapporter la preuve des éléments suivants :

une réticence ou une fausse déclaration, généralement relevée à la suite d'une expertise lors du sinistre ;
la volonté de l’assuré de tromper intentionnellement l’assureur ;
et dernière condition à ne pas négliger, la réticence ou la fausse déclaration doit avoir changé l’objet du risque litigieux ou en avoir diminué l’opinion pour l’assureur.

A ce titre, lorsque la police garantit plusieurs risques, l'appréciation de la portée de la réticence ou de la fausse déclaration sur l'opinion du risque doit se faire indépendamment des circonstances du sinistre mais par rapport à chacun des risques garantis :

« 11. En se déterminant ainsi, sans rechercher si les fausses déclarations retenues avaient été de nature à changer l'objet du risque « décès » ou à en modifier l'opinion pour l'assureur, la cour d'appel a privé sa décision de base légale. »

Le Cabinet se tient à votre disposition afin de faire valoir vos droits.

Publié par Maître DHENRY

Tel : 09.81.69.87.22 | Fax : 09.72.65.14.07

elodie.dhenry@avocat.fr

24 bis rue greuze - 75116 Paris