Maître Léonore PELLICANO

Avocat au barreau de Chambéry

Compétences : Droit immobilier, Droit bancaire et boursier, Droit du crédit et de la consommation, Procédure d'appel

Barreau : Chambéry

Adresse : 67 avenue des Massettes 73190 CHALLES LES EAUX

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Publié le 18/05/2021

Responsabilité de la banque en cas de fraude bancaire

Article juridique - Droit du crédit et de la consommation

Par Me Léonore PELLICANO

Plusieurs fraudes et arnaques bancaires peuvent entrainer une perte financière.

L’hameçonnage (ou phishing en anglais) est une technique frauduleuse destinée à tromper pour inciter à communiquer des données personnelles (comptes d’accès, mots de passe, numéro de carte, identifiants, BIC, IBAN, numéro de téléphone…) en se faisant passer pour un tiers (banque, assurance, fournisseur d’énergie, établissement public…).

L’utilisation frauduleuse d’une carte bancaire consiste pour l'escroc à voler les coordonnées bancaires et les utiliser à l'insu du titulaire du compte bancaire.

Lorsque suite à ces escroqueries, des sommes ont été frauduleusement débitées sur le compte bancaire, la banque doit-elle procéder au remboursement ?

Oui, la banque doit procéder au remboursement de l’opération non autorisée.

Toutefois, il résulte des articles L133-16, L133-19 IV et L133-23 du Code Monétaire et Financier que la banque peut se dégager de se responsabilité en rapportant la preuve des éléments suivants :

l'opération frauduleuse a été authentifiée, dûment enregistrée et comptabilisée et qu'elle n'a pas été affectée par une déficience technique ou autre ;

A ce titre, l’utilisation du système d’authentification 3D SECURE n’est pas suffisant pour dégager la banque de sa responsabilité.

le fait que le titulaire de la carte bancaire a été négligeant dans la préservation de ses données bancaires et dans l’utilisation de sa carte bancaire.

Plusieurs décisions de la Cour de cassation confirment qu’il appartient à la banque de prouver la négligence du titulaire de la carte bancaire pour échapper à l’obligation de remboursement des sommes frauduleusement débitées.

Ainsi, à défaut de pouvoir prouver l'authentification certaine du titulaire du compte bancaire et la négilgence de ce dernier, la banque devra procéder au remboursement des sommes frauduleusement débitées.

Code Monétaire et Financier :

https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000035430501/

https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000035430527/

https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000035430567/