Maître Marine LE BIHAN

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Propriété littéraire et artistique, Droit du crédit et de la consommation, Droit des sociétés, Droit pénal, Droit bancaire et boursier, Procédure civile

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 24 AVENUE DE L OPERA 75001 PARIS

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Publié le 09/05/2022

ACTION POLITIQUE ET RESTITUTION DU PATRIMOINE CULTUREL AFRICAIN

Article juridique - Droit de la propriété intellectuelle

Par Me Marine LE BIHAN

ACTION POLITIQUE ET RESTITUTION DU PATRIMOINE CULTUREL AFRICAIN

En juillet 2020, des individus se revendiquant de la « ligue de défense noire africaine » et du « mouvement des marrons unité dignité courage », et déclarant agir en vue de la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain par l’Etat français, se sont introduits dans le musée des arts africains, océaniens et amérindiens de la Vieille Charité à Marseille.

Ils se sont emparés d’une lance cérémoniale en bois provenant de la salle d'exposition consacrée à l'Océanie.

La police les a appréhendés dans la cour du musée alors qu’ils réalisaient une interview.

Poursuivis pour vol aggravé (bien culturel + vol en réunion), ils ont fait l’objet d’une convocation par procès-verbal devant le tribunal correctionnel.

Ils ont été relaxés par le tribunal correctionnel mais condamnés en appel.

Un pourvoi a alors été formé.

Le 21 avril 2022, la Cour de cassation a rejeté le pourvoi.

1. Sur la convocation par procès-verbal

La Cour approuve l’argument des prévenus selon lequel ce mode de poursuite n’est pas applicable aux infractions politiques.

Mais pour la Cour, il ne s’agit que d’un délit de droit commun, le vol.

Le mobile des prévenus n’est pas de nature à donner à l’infraction le caractère d’un délit politique.

La convocation par procès-verbal est donc tout à fait valable.

2. Sur l’appropriation temporaire du bien culturel

Les prévenus prétendaient n’avoir fait qu’emprunter la lance le temps d’un discours politique.

Selon eux, l'appréhension temporaire de la chose d'un tiers sans intention de se l'approprier ne serait pas un vol.

Mais pour la Cour, toute appropriation de la chose d'autrui contre le gré de son propriétaire ou légitime détenteur caractérise la soustraction frauduleuse, et donc le vol.

Peu importe le mobile des auteurs du vol.

Peu importe également qu’il y ait eu restitution volontaire de la chose soustraite (ce qui n’était pas le cas en l’occurrence).

Pour info, il s’agit du même groupe qui s’était illustré le 12 juin 2020 au Musée du Quai Branly en descellant un poteau funéraire du XIXe provenant du Tchad.