Maître Marine LE BIHAN

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Propriété littéraire et artistique, Droit du crédit et de la consommation, Droit des sociétés, Droit pénal, Droit bancaire et boursier, Procédure civile

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 2 RUE DE VIENNE 75008 PARIS

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Publié le 25/08/2022

VOL CHEZ LE COMMISSAIRE-PRISEUR : QUELLE INDEMNISATION ?

Article juridique - Droit de la propriété intellectuelle

Par Me Marine LE BIHAN

VOL CHEZ LE COMMISSAIRE-PRISEUR : QUELLE INDEMNISATION ?

Au décès de leur mère en 2014, 5 enfants ont hérité de bijoux.

Un joaillier a alors procédé à 2 reprises à une estimation des bijoux :

1ère estimation (août 2014) en valeur de succession : 46.000 €
2ème estimation (septembre 2014) en valeur de remplacement à neuf : 110.000 €

Puis le notaire a confié les bijoux, pour estimation, à un commissaire-priseur judiciaire.

3ème estimation (décembre 2014) : 25.000 €

En 2017, les bijoux, entreposés par le commissaire-priseur dans un hôtel des ventes, ont été volés.

L’assurance a accepté d’indemniser les héritiers à hauteur de 25.000 €, sur la base de la 3ème estimation, correspondant selon son expert au prix du marché.

Mais les héritiers réclamaient 110.000 € (1ère estimation), ainsi que l’indemnisation de leur préjudice moral.

Le 8 février 2022, la CA Angers a fixé le montant de la valeur des bijoux à 45.775 € (2ème estimation) et le préjudice moral à 5.000 €.

Sur la valeur des bijoux :

Laquelle des 3 estimations retenir ?

La Cour rappelle que l'évaluation des bijoux doit être faite, non pas à leur valeur marchande d'achat à neuf, mais à leur valeur de rachat d'occasion.

Ce qui exclut la 2ème estimation à 110.000 €.

Ensuite, pour retenir la 1ère estimation et écarter la 3ème estimation, la Cour a relevé que :

l’estimation du joailler est beaucoup plus précise que celle du commissaire-priseur (description plus détaillée, référence au prix de l’or, au poids des bijoux et au nombre de carats)
l’estimation du commissaire-priseur fournit des valeurs de bijoux en vue d’une vente aux enchères, et induit donc une mise à prix inférieure

Sur le préjudice moral :

Le commissaire-priseur contestait l’existence d’un préjudice moral, affirmant que les héritiers avaient l’intention de vendre les bijoux.

Selon les héritiers, au contraire, ils souhaitaient conserver et se partager les bijoux. Ils avaient même demandé au commissaire-priseur d'établir des lots d'égale valeur entre eux 5.

La Cour a considéré que les bijoux avaient été remis au commissaire-priseur pour estimation et non pour vente.

Les héritiers subissent donc un préjudice moral, les bijoux ayant une importante valeur affective.

Fichier attaché