Maître Marine LE BIHAN

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Propriété littéraire et artistique, Droit du crédit et de la consommation, Droit des sociétés, Droit pénal, Droit bancaire et boursier, Procédure civile

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 24 AVENUE DE L OPERA 75001 PARIS

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Publié le 21/10/2022

RESPONSABILITE DE L'EXPERT GEMMOLOGUE

Article juridique - Droit de la propriété intellectuelle

Par Me Marine LE BIHAN

En 2014, une société de ventes volontaires (SVV) a proposé aux enchères un bijou.

Ce bijou a été préalablement expertisé par un expert gemmologue, qui l’a décrit ainsi : pendentif en or serti d'un important cabochon ovale de chrysobéryl.

Le bijou a été vendu pour 39.000 € hors frais.

L’adjudicataire a adressé un chèque à la SVV.

Puis la SVV a versé 14.000 € au vendeur à titre d'avance sur encaissement du prix de vente.

Mais les ennuis ont commencé pour la SVV…

Le chèque envoyé par l’adjudicataire était sans provision.
L’adjudicataire a demandé l’annulation de la vente, car 2 laboratoires d’analyses ont révélé que la pierre n’était pas un chrysobéryl mais un quartz.
Le vendeur a refusé d’annuler la vente.

La SVV à donc payé le vendeur sans avoir été payée par l’adjudicataire…

La SVV a alors assigné tout le monde en justice : le vendeur, l’adjudicataire et l’expert.

Le 14 novembre 2019, le TGI Paris a prononcé l’annulation de la vente et condamné le vendeur à restituer les 14.000 € à la SVV.

Mais l’affaire a été portée devant la Cour d’appel s’agissant de la responsabilité de l’expert vis-à-vis de la SVV.

Le 4 octobre 2022, la CA Paris a condamné l’expert à payer à la SVV des dommages-intérêts en réparation de ses préjudices moral et matériel.

Selon la Cour, la responsabilité de l’expert doit être retenue dès lors que l’expert s’est contenté d’un examen du bijou à l'œil nu alors qu’il savait que le chrysobéryl œil de chat et le quartz chatoyant sont 2 pierres très similaires à l'œil, qu’il est fréquent de confondre.

Quant aux préjudices subis par la SVV, ils ont un lien de causalité directe avec l’annulation de la vente en raison de la faute commise par l’expert.

Le préjudice moral de la SVV est un préjudice d’image, qui résulte des accusations de collusion frauduleuse et d'incompétence proférées par le vendeur et de l’annulation de l'adjudication de l'un des lots les plus prestigieux de la vente : 2.000 €

Le préjudice matériel est constitué des frais de location de salle, d'impression du catalogue et de publicité dans la Gazette Drouot (calculés proportionnellement au prix du bijou par rapport au total des adjudications), ainsi que des honoraires de vente dont la SVV a été privée : 3.000 €