Maître Marine LE BIHAN

Avocat au barreau de Paris

Compétences : Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Propriété littéraire et artistique, Droit du crédit et de la consommation, Droit des sociétés, Droit pénal, Droit bancaire et boursier, Procédure civile

Barreau : Paris

Adresse : 24 AVENUE DE L OPERA 75001 PARIS

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Publié le 06/02/2023

BAIL COMMERCIAL D'UNE MAISON DE VENTES AUX ENCHERES

Article juridique - Droit de la propriété intellectuelle

Par Me Marine LE BIHAN

BAIL COMMERCIAL D'UNE MAISON DE VENTES AUX ENCHERES

X, maison de ventes aux enchères, est preneuse d’un bail commercial portant sur des locaux appartenant à Y.

Le bail a été renouvelé à compter du 1er juillet 2014.

Problème : X et Y ne sont pas d’accord sur le montant du loyer de renouvellement.

X estime que le loyer doit être plafonné, tandis que Y estime qu’il doit être déplafonné.

Le 11 janvier 2023, la CA Paris a tranché en faveur du déplafonnement : le loyer de renouvellement doit être fixé à sa valeur locative.

La Cour rappelle la règle en matière de loyer de renouvellement :

principe : plafonnement du loyer du bail
exception : déplafonnement pour les locaux à usage exclusif de bureaux

Question : les locaux loués par X sont-ils à usage exclusif de bureaux ?

Le contrat de bail conclu entre X et Y stipule que :

les lieux loués sont destinés à l'usage exclusif de bureaux
X s'interdit de faire dans les locaux tous actes de vente, y compris de vente aux enchères

Mais selon X, les locaux ne sont pas à usage exclusif de bureaux dès lors que l’activité de commissaire-priseur implique, outre l'accueil de la clientèle, la réalisation d'opérations de vente ponctuelle dans les locaux et la réception, le stockage et la manipulation d’objets destinés à être vendus en salle des ventes.

Pour Y au contraire, il faut s’en tenir au contrat de bail et ne pas tenir compte de l'activité effectivement exercée dans les locaux par X.

La Cour donne raison à Y : en stipulant expressément que les locaux loués étaient à usage exclusif de bureaux, les parties ont opté pour le déplafonnement du loyer. En outre, Y n’a jamais accepté le changement de destination des locaux.

Fichier attaché