Maître Yann FAUCONNIER

Avocat au barreau de Clermont-Ferrand

Compétences : Droit public, Droit routier et de la circulation routière, Droit pénal général, Droit de l'environnement

Barreau : Clermont-Ferrand

Adresse : 14 bis place Gaillard 63000 CLERMONT FERRAND

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Publié le 23/03/2020

PROJET DE DURCISSEMENT DES SANCTIONS POUR LES INFRACTIONS LIEES AU CONFINEMENT

Evènement/Actualité institutionnelle

Par Me Yann FAUCONNIER

PROJET DE DURCISSEMENT DES SANCTIONS POUR LES INFRACTIONS LIEES AU CONFINEMENT (peine de prison / suspension permis de conduire, etc.) :

Ce dimanche, les députés ont adopté définitivement le projet de loi d’urgence pour faire face à l'épidémie du COVID-19. Est notamment instauré un dispositif d'état d'urgence sanitaire (titre II) dont l'article 5 intègre la contravention de non respect du confinement (135 euros) au sein du Code de la santé publique (art. L. 3136-1 CSP) ET ajoute qu'en cas de nouvelle constatation de cette infraction dans un délai de quinze jours, c'est dorénavant une contravention de 1 500 euros qui est encourue (5e Classe).

Puis, - "légère" montée en puissance - s'il y a plus de trois verbalisations dans un délai de trente jours, alors l'infraction - qui devient délictuelle - est punie de six mois d’emprisonnement et de 3 750 € d’amende (à titre de peine principale).

Fait notable, vient notamment s'ajouter la peine complémentaire de suspension, pour une durée de trois ans au plus, du permis de conduire lorsque l’infraction a été commise à l’aide d’un véhicule.

Les risques pénaux deviendraient donc sérieux. Reste à s'interroger sur le caractère applicable ou non de ces sanctions.

On pourrait également voir dans ces nouvelles mesures un indice supplémentaire (s'il en fallait un) d'une future prolongation du délai de confinement. En effet, et pour la crise sanitaire que nous traversons actuellement, les nouveaux délais de 15 jours (pour deux verbalisations à 1500 euros) et 30 jours (pour trois verbalisations à 6 mois de prison, 3 750 euros et le risque de suspension de permis) sont déjà obsolètes, le confinement ayant été décrété - pour mémoire - jusqu'au 31 mars prochain (cf. art. 1 décret du 16 mars 2020 modifié). Aussi, ne reste donc que 9 jours, ce lundi compris. Dès lors, seule une prolongation du confinement permettrait à ces nouveaux délais de courir entièrement.

Pour conclure, vous aurez compris que ces mesures ne sont pas encore entrées en vigueur, la publication de cette loi au journal officiel, après sa promulgation, étant nécessaire pour ce faire, ce qui devrait avoir lieu rapidement.

Néanmoins, il est dès à présent excessivement risqué de rompre le confinement pour des motifs superficiels d'autant que, comme souvent, le non respect de règles simples par quelques-uns engendre l'aggravation de règles liberticides pour l'ensemble. Avec le Covid-19, une nouvelle fois ce mécanisme s'est mis en place et la répression pénale va s'en trouver accentuée.

Prenez soin de vous et des autres, restez chez vous.