Maître Alain PAREIL

Avocat au barreau de Bordeaux

Compétences : Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit du travail et social, Droit immobilier, Droit routier et de la circulation routière, Droit des transports, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence, Droit des assurances, Droit du dommage corporel, Droit des sociétés

Barreau : Bordeaux

Adresse : 95 avenue de la Boétie 33320 LE TAILLAN MEDOC

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Publié le 19/04/2024

troubles de voisinage et code civil

Article juridique - Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine

Par Me Alain PAREIL

La loi n° 2024-346 du 15 avril 2024 vise à limiter les conflits de voisinage, notamment à la campagne et les plaintes de plus en plus nombreuses des néo-ruraux contre les agriculteurs.

Elle consacre dans le Code civil le principe de responsabilité fondée sur les troubles anormaux du voisinage, posé par la jurisprudence, tout en l'assortissant de limites.

La loi fait suite à la loi dite "Maurice" du 29 janvier 2021 relative au patrimoine sensoriel des campagnes françaises et au rapport du Gouvernement sur la problématique des troubles anormaux de voisinage remis fin 2021.

Le texte entend créer les conditions d'un "vivre ensemble" équilibré et à limiter les conflits entre néo-ruraux et paysans, acteurs économiques, culturels ou touristiques d'un territoire. Mais le texte permettra également de régler les différends de voisinage dans les grandes villes, notamment entre les dark Stores et leurs riverains, qui supportent souvent de graves nuisances.

Son article unique crée un nouvel article 1253 dans le Code civil reprenant le principe de responsabilité fondée sur les troubles anormaux du voisinage, consacré par la jurisprudence. Il pose ensuite une exception à ce principe.

La responsabilité de la personne (propriétaire, locataire...) ne peut pas être engagée si l'activité :

est antérieure à l'installation de la personne se plaignant du trouble anormal ;
qu'elle respecte la législation ;
et se poursuit dans les mêmes conditions ou dans des conditions nouvelles qui ne sont pas à l'origine de l'aggravation du trouble anormal de voisinage.

Il s'agit d'une reprise de la "théorie de la préoccupation" qui figure à l'article 113-8 du Code de la construction et de l'habitation mais qui est étendue à tous types d'activités. L'article de ce code est en conséquence abrogé.

(Source : Lexis360 du 7/04/2024)