Maître Caroline FONTAINE-BERIOT

Avocat au barreau d'Aix-en-provence

Compétences : Réparation du préjudice corporel, Droit de la santé, Procédure d'appel, Assurances des particuliers, Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine

Barreau : Aix-en-provence

Adresse : 5. Allée Claude Forbin 13100 AIX EN PROVENCE

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Publié le 13/05/2022

L'indemnisation du cycliste d'un vélo électrique en cas d'accident

Article juridique - Droit du dommage corporel

Par Me Caroline FONTAINE-BERIOT

L'indemnisation du cycliste d'un vélo électrique en cas d'accident

Vous roulez régulièrement en vélo 100 % électrique. Mais connaissez-vous vos droits en cas d'accident?

La loi Badinter du 5 juillet 1985 a établi un régime d'indemnisation des victimes d'accidents de la circulation. La loi fait la distinction entre les conducteurs d'un véhicule terrestre à moteur et les autres (piétons, passagers, cyclistes...). Les premiers pourront voir leur indemnisation anihilée ou diminuée en cas de faute, tandis que les autres seront toujours indemnisés.

Mais qu'en est-il des cyclistes de vélo éléctrique?

Le conducteur d'un vélo éléctrique n'est pas considéré comme un cycliste classique. Un speed bike ou un vélo électrique dispose en effet d’une assistance particulière qui permet au cycliste de se déplacer sans pédaler.

Le décret du 23 octobre 2019 relatif à la règlementation des Engins de Déplacement Personnels (EDP) a placé le vélo électrique dans la catégorie des nouveaux véhicules électriques individuels (NVEI) qui sont des véhicules terrestres à moteur (VTM) selon le Code de la route.

En tant que VTM, les vélos électriques sont soumis à un régime bien plus strict que les vélos traditionnels.

L'utilisateur d’un vélo électrique doit assurer son véhicule mais également l’immatriculer. Il n'a pas le droit de circuler sur les voies cyclables.
En cas d’accident avec un piéton ou un vélo, il a l’obligation d’indemniser la victime piétonne dans tous les cas de figure.
En cas d’accident avec une voiture ou une moto, sa faute sera de nature à réduire ou à exclure son droit à indemnisation.

IMPORTANT:

Par contre, il faut distinguer les vélos électriques des vélos à assistance électrique.

Les vélos à assistance éléctrique sont munis d’une assistance au démarrage mais la puissance du moteur dépend de la force de pédalage du conducteur. Pour cette raison, les vélos à assistance électrique (dont font partie les VTT) forment une catégorie intermédiaire entre le vélo classique et le vélo électrique.

En principe, les conducteurs de vélos à assistance électrique sont soumis au même régime indemnitaire que les cyclistes traditionnels en cas d’accident de la route avec un autre véhicule. Ils doivent être indemnisés même s'ils ont commis une faute.

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