Maître Céline PERO ARMETTA

Avocat au barreau de Lyon

Compétences : Droit des sociétés, Droit commercial, des affaires et de la concurrence

Barreau : Lyon

Adresse : 139 rue Vendôme 69477 LYON CEDEX 06

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Publié le 29/01/2018

Consécration de la blockchain en droit financier français

Article juridique - Droit des sociétés

Par Me Céline PERO ARMETTA

Consécration de la blockchain en droit financier français

L'ordonnance du 8 décembre 2017 consacre la technologie de la Blockchain en droit français, sous l'intitulé exact de « dispositif d'enregistrement électronique partagé » (DEEP).

La Blockchain a un effet équivalent à l'inscription en compte de titres financiers : elle fonctionne comme un registre décentralisé et sécurisé et permet de ne pas avoir recours à un dépositaire, un tiers certificateur ou encore un séquestre. Ce registre permet une traçabilité des échanges et opérations effectuées par tous ceux qui sont reliés ou « enchaînés ». Il permet également d'exécuter des transactions de manière instantanée, grâce à l'utilisation de clés de cryptages.

La Blockchain attirera les entreprises gérant d'importants mouvements de titres ou de fonds, en particulier les plateformes de crowdfunding, les gestionnaires d'actifs.

Il existe ainsi deux moyens d’inscrire des titres financiers, lors d'une émission ou d'une cession de titres financiers : l’inscription (classique) en compte chez l'émetteur ou chez un intermédiaire habilité et l'inscription dans un dispositif de Blockchain. C'est la société émettrice qui est compétente pour décider de recourir ou non à la Blockchain. Toutefois, l'inscription dans une Blockchain est réservée aux titres financiers non cotés.

Cette réforme a des conséquences sur le régime du nantissement dont l'assiette était jusque-là limitée au compte-titre. Il est désormais possible de nantir des titres financiers inscrits dans un DEEP.

Plusieurs questions restent en suspens. Elles seront certainement traitées par le décret à venir pour la mise en œuvre de l’ordonnance.

Entrée en vigueur : au plus tard le 1er juillet 2018