Maître Jean-Paul FOURMONT

Avocat au barreau de Coutances

Compétences : Droit immobilier, Droit de la famille, des personnes et de leur patrimoine, Droit du travail et social, Assurances des particuliers

Barreau : Coutances-Avranches

Adresse : 3 Avenue Maréchal Foch 50150 SOURDEVAL

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Publié le 17/09/2021

Toute personne se trouvant en France doit accepter de se prêter à un contrôle d'identité

Article juridique - Droit pénal

Par Me Jean-Paul FOURMONT

Toute personne se trouvant en France doit accepter de se prêter à un contrôle d'identité

Toute personne se trouvant sur le territoire national doit accepter de se prêter à un contrôle d'idendité par les autorités de police,dans les conditions de l'article 78-1 et s du Code de procédure pénale.Le texte n'impose pas la présentation d'un document officiel pour justifier de l'idendité de la personne contrôlée.Tous les moyens sont recevables.Par mesure de sécurité,les personnels peuvent procéder à une palpation de sécurité.Si la palpation révèle des protubérances ou grosseurs qui permettent de penser à un objet dangereux.Et si l'objet est une arme ou une savonnette de canabis ,une procédure de flagrance est engagée.

Selon un arrêt de la Chambre Criminelle de la Cour de Cassation du 9 novembre 2016,il appartient à celui qui invoque une discrimination de la prouver.

Quand la personne justifie de son idendité,aucun procès-verbal n'est fait.

Le refus par un suspect de se soumettre aux opérations de signalisation ou de prélèvement externe est constitutif d'un délit

La Chambre Criminelle a rendu un arrêt le 28 octobre 2020 qui indique :" le délit est constitué même en cas de relaxe du chef de l'infraction principale (art 55-1 du Code de procédure pénale).Car il faut se placer au début de l'enquête".

La Cour de Cassation considère que la relaxe de l'infraction à l'occasion de laquelle un prélèvement biologique et un relevé signalétique ont été effectués n'est pas contradictoire avec la condamnation pour refu de se soumettre à ces prélèvements.

Le parquet doit être informé du placement en garde à vue dès le début de la mesure de rétention,sauf circonstances insurmontables.Un délai de 30 minutes n'est pas admissible sauf circonstances insurmontables(crim 24 mai 2016).

La question de la conformité avec la Convention Européenne des Droits de l' Homme (art 8 ) peut se poser (CEDH 22JUIN 2017 Aycaguer c/ FRANCE condamnation de la France).

Les auteurs d'infractions dont l'idendité demeure incertaine sont souvent déférés en comparution immédiate.

Pour ce qui est des fouilles de véhicule ,le Constitutionnel s'est prononcé à différentes reprises sur la constitutionnalité de ces pratiques.Cette jurisprudence a été étendu aux fouilles des bagages (art L2251-9 du Code des transports et L 613-2 du Code de la Sécurité intérieure).Les agents des services internes de la SNCF et de la RATP peuvent avec le consentement des propriétaires procéder à une inspection visuelle et à leur fouille.