Maître Rémi BERTRAND

Avocat au barreau de Montpellier

Compétences : Droit pénal, Droit pénal des affaires, Droit de la presse

Barreau : Montpellier

Adresse : 6 rue des Trésoriers de la Bourse 34000 MONTPELLIER

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Publié le 28/09/2020

Quelles sanctions pour l'usage de cannabis?

Article juridique - Droit pénal

Par Me Rémi BERTRAND

Quelles sanctions pour l'usage de cannabis?

En France, la loi spécifie que « l’usage illicite de l’une des substances ou plantes classées comme stupéfiants est puni d’un an d’emprisonnement et de 3 750 euros d’amende ». Cette loi est régie par le code de la santé publique.

En revanche, le trafic de cannabis – régi par le code pénal – peut mener à dix ans d’emprisonnement et à 7,5 millions d’euros d’amende. Les peines encourues pour la fabrictaion de stupéfiants atteignent jusqu’à trente années de détention en cas de commission en bande organisée.

Depuis mars 2019, « l’action publique peut être éteinte […] par le versement d’une amende forfaitaire d’un montant de 200 euros » pour usage illicite de cannabis. Le ministère public a toujours la possibilité de poursuivre l’infraction devant le tribunal correctionnel.

Le nombre d’interpellations pour infraction à la législation sur les stupéfiants a fortement augmenté depuis 1995. Mais les personnes mises en cause le sont en grande partie pour usage : ce sont les simples consommateurs qui subissent de plein fouet cette politique pénale orientée vers la sanction pécuniaire.

En France, la loi ne distingue pas la consommation du cannabis à des fins récréatives de son usage à visée thérapeutique, réclamée par de très nombreuses associations de malades. Néanmoins, l’Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament privilégie l’autorisation d’un usage de la plante dans certaines situations cliniques.

Aujourd’hui, seul le cannabidiol (CBD) est autorisé. Les études menées à ce jour tendent à montrer que le CBD ne crée pas de dépendance et n’est pas toxique, à l’inverse du tétrahydrocannabinol (THC). Pour cette raison, il n’est pas classé dans la catégorie des substances réglementées, et sa vente est autorisée en France. C’est pourquoi, fleurissent les boutiques proposant la commercialisation de produits à base de cannabidiol dont le taux de THC est inférieur à 0,2 %.