Maître Rémi BERTRAND

Avocat au barreau de Montpellier

Compétences : Droit pénal, Droit pénal des affaires, Droit de la presse

Barreau : Montpellier

Adresse : 6 rue des Trésoriers de la Bourse 34000 MONTPELLIER

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Publié le 29/09/2020

Le délit de Blanchiment immédiat

Article juridique - Droit pénal

Par Me Rémi BERTRAND

Par le fait de faciliter, par tout moyen, la justification mensongère de l'origine des biens ou des revenus de l'auteur d'un crime ou d'un délit ayant procuré à celui-ci un profit direct ou indirect (art. 324-1, al. 1 du code pénal) – on parle alors de « blanchiment médiat » ;

Par le fait d'apporter un concours à une opération de placement, de dissimulation ou de conversion du produit direct ou indirect d'un crime ou d'un délit (C. pén., art. 324-1, al. 2) – on parle alors de « blanchiment immédiat ».

Les dispositions de l'article 324-1, alinéa 2, du code pénal qui incriminent sous la qualification de blanchiment le fait d'opérer un placement, une dissimulation ou la conversion du produit direct ou indirect d'un crime ou d'un délit.

Le fait de placement. - L'article 324-1, alinéa 2, du code pénal se contente de faire référence à un fait de placement, fait entièrement spécifique à l'infraction de blanchiment immédiat.

Au sens criminalistique, le placement consiste à faire entrer dans le système financier ou économique les énormes sommes d'argent provenant des activités criminelles, qui se présentent sous forme d'espèces et le plus souvent en petites coupures. Il en va de même pour l’acquisition de biens immobiliers ; la souscription de contrats permettant le placement de sommes d’argent à l’étranger ; l’investissement de produits d’une infraction dans diverses sociétés ; l’investissement de sommes provenant d’une fraude fiscale dans la souscription de bons anonymes etc…

En outre, au-delà de la seule notion de placement financier, ont été retenus dans les liens de la prévention, le fait d'alimenter un compte bancaire ouvert au nom du blanchisseur au moyen de versements en espèces ou au moyen d'un virement via internet ; le fait d'utiliser des sommes provenant d'une fraude fiscale comme enjeux dans les casinos

Le fait de conversion. - La conversion désigne, au sens classique du terme, une opération « réalisant pour une valeur équivalente un changement d'unité de compte ou d'instrument de paiement »

Le fait de dissimulation. - L'incrimination d'un fait de dissimulation au titre d'un fait de blanchiment par l'article 324-1, alinéa 2, du code pénal invite à un nécessaire rapprochement de l'incrimination du même fait au titre d'un fait de recel par l'article 321-1, alinéa 1er, du même code.

Le blanchiment est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 375 000 euros d'amende. Les conseils d’un Avocat seront indispensables pour sortir blanchi d'une telle procédure.