Maître Pol-Emmanuel GRENET

Avocat au barreau de Lyon

Compétences : Urbanisme, Construction, Droit de l'environnement

Barreau : Lyon

Adresse : 2, place Gailleton 69002 LYON

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Publié le 21/02/2024

Création d'une ICPE et suspension de l'autorisation environnementale

Article juridique - Droit de l'environnement

Par Me Pol-Emmanuel GRENET

Création d'une ICPE et suspension de l'autorisation environnementale

L'exécution de travaux sur une Installation Classée pour la Protection de l'Environnement (ICPE) permet-elle de justifier la suspension de l'autorisation environnementale (AE) associée ?

Non.

Par un arrêté daté du 4 avril 2023, le préfet de la Moselle a accordé à la société Solucane l'autorisation d'exploiter une plateforme de transit de déchets sur le territoire de la commune de Phalsbourg.

Suite à cette décision, l'association locale Phalsbourg Bien Vivre ainsi que plusieurs voisins mécontents ont saisi le Tribunal administratif de Strasbourg afin d'obtenir la suspension de cette autorisation.

La suspension a été ordonnée en raison des risques et perturbations que pourrait entraîner l'exécution du permis de construire (PC) la plateforme de transit en question.

Cependant, suite aux pourvois introduits par le bénéficiaire et le ministère, le Conseil d’État :

Rappelle que les effets de l'AE sont distincts de ceux du PC relatif aux équipements de l'ICPE ;
Souligne que la condition d'urgence ne dépend pas du fait que l'AE subordonne la mise en œuvre du PC correspondant (article L. 425-14 du code de l'urbanisme) ;
Conclut que les risques et les nuisances liés aux travaux ne justifient pas l'urgence à suspendre l'exécution d'une autorisation environnementale.

En conséquence, le juge des référés du Tribunal a commis une erreur de droit.

Et partant, dans le cas d'espèce, le fait que l'ICPE ne sera pas opérationnelle avant le mois de juillet 2024 justifie le rejet de la requête pour défaut d'urgence.

En plus de souligner l'importance du principe d'indépendance des législations, cette décision rappelle que l'urgence doit toujours être évaluée en fonction des seuls effets de la décision contestée.

Cependant, les parties concernées pourraient éventuellement envisager de :

Solliciter la suspension du permis de construire (sous réserve qu'il soit encore dans les délais) ;
Solliciter à nouveau la suspension de l'AE une fois l'ICPE opérationnelle (sous réserve de démontrer que cette installation peut causer directement et gravement des préjudices à leur situation ou à leurs intérêts).

Affaire à suivre ?

Référence : Conseil d’Etat, 6/5 CR, 16 février 2024, n°479822, Inédit